The Mexican Revolution At It's End

Revolution is an event that happens when people of a country rise up and force a change in a country's constitution, or even the existing power structure of the nation. Change tends to be swift and by the use of violent means, however, many different methods can be used to bring about change. Usually a general consensus of some sort is reached by the public, and the populace feels forced into action. Sometimes the people feel as though their "backs are against the wall" and they have no choice but to rise up and take control of the government of their country. Mexico's history is one of revolution and also of misguided power. There are a whole range of motivating factors that can be at the root of such a wholesale need for change, but generally oppression of some group is involved.

President Porfirio Diaz was a horrible dictator who kept his feet firmly planted on the backs of Mexico's poor. He somehow managed to stay in power for 31 years and during his reign as president-cum-dictator, he ruled as most dictators do. That is he wielded absolute power over the people, while a small network of sycophants surrounded him, with actual power given only to a select few. the elite hoarded and controlled the wealth of the economy. The people were given no means to express their opinion of Diaz; there were no elections and no choice. Corruption and injustice reigned everywhere.

Diaz and his henchmen, denied the young and idealistic politicians that stepped forward at the beginning of the 20th century, to make policy or to instigate changes. One of the young, would-be reformers was Francisco Madero, who firmly believed that Diaz should renounce his power, as it was apparent that Diaz's proclamations of democracy were nothing more than lip service. Believe it or not, an ''Antireeleccionista'' Party was formed by Madero in response to Diaz's nonsense, and he used the party to spread his ideals in Mexico. He believed that government, should be a law-abiding institution - whether it be Diaz's government or someone else's. This was of course viewed by Diaz as a threat to his power and he saw Madero as guilty of treason. Madero was arrested and imprisoned before the elections of 1910, as Diaz wanted no opposition whatsoever. Madero fled to the US when Diaz was re-elected. While in hiding, he issued a manifesto stating the elections were false and that he would never recognize Diaz as a legitimate leader.

Madero declared himself temporary president until new elections could be held. It was his goal to return all of the property (farms, ranches, etc.), that had been taken illegally from the poor. He also promised voting rights for all, and one-term presidents. Basically, he wanted to give the people everything Diaz had long been denying them. With his ideals firmly in place, Madero called for an uprising and on November 20, 1910 the Mexican revolution began.

Within days, Madero began to collect allies - Pascual Orozco, Toribio Ortega, and perhaps most notably, Francisco "Pancho" Villa. They all joined him in support of the revolution. Villa already had the backing of the northern Mexico residents who had grown tired of oppression at the hands of cattle kings and ranchers; they joined the cause immediately and bolstered the ranks of the revolutionaries. In early 1911, Emiliano Zapata led an uprising of peasants to take back rights regarding land and water and there was armed revolt happening all over the country. Madero's army of revolutionaries, the "Maderista", eventually defeated the army of President Diaz within six months. Diaz subsequently fled into exile in France where he would eventually pass away in 1915. The Diaz regime had finally been toppled, and Mexico held a national election to elect its new president - Francisco Madero.


----------------------------------------------------
BookIt.com is the premier choice for online travel booking services. Visit today to find the best deals and destination specifics you're looking for. Planning a holiday? Find Las Vegas vacation packages http://bookit.com/us/nevada/las-vegas/vacations/ for an unparalleled holiday experience.



EasyPublish this article: http://submityourarticle.com/articles/easypublish.php?art_id=275594

Mexican Chemistry Meets The Ozone

In the late 1990's the world became a lot more aware of how delicate the balance of life on earth really is. News media outlets all over the world wrote of "wholes in the atmosphere" and rising skin cancer predictions for the coming years. The world population collectively kicked itself around the block for centuries of laissez faire treatment of natural resources. Thirty years later the situation hasn't gotten much better, but at least strides have been made.

Returning now to the first 'discovery' of the hole in the ozone. Bringing the problem to the forefront of the world's consciousness, has been the work of three chemists: Mario Molina, Paul Crutzen and Sherwood Rowland. Mario Molina was born in 1943 in Mexico City, the son of a prominent international diplomat and lawyer and he grew up to be a person interested in science. He earned his bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering from National Autonomous University of Mexico, then went on to study in West Germany and finally Berkeley. Molina began working with Rowland in 1972 after completing his doctorate in chemistry. Together they researched (and discovered) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) accumulating in the atmosphere.

Even early in the 1970's, it was clear to Molina and Rowland from their research, what the future held for the Earth's ozone layer. Methods to destroy the CFCs before they entered the atmosphere, was an experiment of Molina, but he was never successful in vanquishing them. He knew solar radiation would eventually demolish the CFCs, but it would also devastate the earth. It was through that experimentation that the chemists realised the decomposition of CFCs in the atmosphere would permanently obliterate the protective layer between solar radiation and the earth - the ozone.

At the same time as Molina and Rowland were making their alarming discoveries, halfway around the world another atmospheric chemist was working in the same field. The American and Mexican colleagues of the Dutch chemist Paul Crutzen saw the CFCs that he missed; he was focused on nitrous oxide emissions and their impact on the stratosphere. With out question, it was a humongous achievement by all three scientists.

In 1995 Molina, Rowland and Crutzen were collectively awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. The Nobel Prize had never been given to a Mexican citizen before Molina. Despite the grave implications of his research, Molina's achievement was certainly a reason for Mexico to celebrate. The nation was once again recognized on a global scale for the intelligence and talent that exists among its people.


----------------------------------------------------
BookIt.com is the premier choice for online travel booking services. Visit today to find the best deals and destination specifics you're looking for. Planning a holiday? Book your stay at Pueblo Bonito Rose http://bookit.com/mexico/sanjosedelcabo/hotels/pueblo-bonito-rose/ for an unforgettable holiday experience.



EasyPublish this article: http://submityourarticle.com/articles/easypublish.php?art_id=277780

The Top Five Spanish Schools In Chile

First-time students or those who wish to brush up on high school language skills have a wonderful opportunity to study at a variety of Spanish schools in Chile. With so many different language courses, locations and teaching styles, students may tailor their instruction to suit their individual needs. Housing and extracurricular activities are often included in tuition costs.

- Escuela Bellavista Chile

Class size is limited to six students in this international language institute. This low teacher-to-student ratio ensures personalized attention and individual instruction. Weekly immersion activities in the community bolster in-class learning. Students participate in extracurricular activities, such as salsa dancing or sightseeing, designed to give students an opportunity to interact with local native speakers and experience unique Chilean culture.

Escuela Bellavista is fully accredited and offers flexible lesson options, housing and pricing. The school is located in the Chilean capital city of Santiago and instructors speak a minimum of two languages. Most instructors have lived internationally, bringing a wealth of personal experience to their classroom teaching.

Calle del Arzobispo #0605, Providencia, Santiago de Chile

- Natalis Language Centre

With two locations in Chile, students can choose whether they wish to study in the bustling capital metropolis of Santiago or the colorful port city of Valparaíso. The Natalis Language Centre utilizes its proprietary "Spanish at first glance" system of language instruction. The focus is on speaking, with intuitive acquisition of grammar by practicing the language from the first lesson. All instructors are native speakers and most of them are also bilingual. Classes are offered for group or individual lessons that focus on each student's current level of skill in Spanish. If they wish, students may receive university credits for study.

Santiago, Chile: Arturo Bürhle 047, Metro Baquedano, Providencia

Valparaíso, Chile: Plaza Justicia 45, piso 6, of. 601

- Tandem Santiago

Located in a lovely historic mansion in Santiago, this school has been instructing students in Spanish for twenty years. In addition to language courses, the school provides visits to local museums, national parks, restaurants and a vineyard in an effort to provide students with an education in local Chilean culture and cuisine. The classes center on a fast-track learning method that seeks to teach language essentials in as little as seven weeks. Using Chilean music and poetry as a foundation for language study, students will master Spanish language concepts in a few short weeks. Classes are offered for small groups or on a one-to-one basis of instruction.

Triana 853, Providencia, Santiago de Chile

- Latin Immersion

This school has locations all over Latin America, with three locations in Chile alone. Students learn Spanish through total immersion in courses with small class sizes to ensure individualized attention. Language classes run from 20-30 hours per week and are instructed purely in Spanish by native speakers. Instructors are fully proficient in English as well. The school also offers an internship placement program, allowing students to work as interns for Chilean companies for up to twelve months. Extracurricular activities seek to instruct students in Chilean history and daily life.

Ecela, Providencia, Santiago de Chile

Viña del Mar/ Valparaíso, Chile

- Instituto Chileno de la Lingua

Located a mere 600 meters from the Chilean Presidential Palace, this language school incorporates the heartbeat of modern Santiago into its cultural and language instruction. Class sizes are small and individual instruction is available. Evaluation tests place students in the correct level of instruction with expert native speakers. Courses lasting from one to four weeks are available. Free tours of cultural heritage sites, museums and places of local interest round out intensive classroom study.

ICHIL, Av. Brasil 153, Santiago de Chile


----------------------------------------------------
Students that learn Spanish in Chile via Latin Immersion receive internionally-accredited Spanish instruction plus cultural lessons. Its Spanish schools in Chile include Santiago, for a cosmopolitan experience, and Viña del Mar, one of South America's top beach resorts. Details => http://www.latinimmersion.com/spanish-language-school-chile-santiago.php


EasyPublish this article: http://submityourarticle.com/articles/easypublish.php?art_id=269928