In the newly independent First Mexican Empire, Augustine Iturbide was named president of the regency (September 1821). This was the culmination of the Mexican War of Independence and it was a newly created position for the country. Iturbide, unfortunately, was power-hungry, and had even bigger ideas. He crowned himself Emperor of Mexico, May 1822, as Augustine I. It wasn't his greatest plan however, as he was quickly thrown out of power, and a Supreme Executive Power was put in place to keep the country together until new government details could be worked out
Supreme Executive Power was a sort of provisional government, and in the case of Mexico, ended up being responsible for the creation of the Federal Republic. A few men ran the country as they wanted it to be run, three from the Liberal party and three from the Conservative party, during that short period of provisional government. The Liberal side of the cabinet was showcased by Vicente Guerrero, Guadalupe Victoria and Pedro Celestino Negrete. The Conservative representatives were Miguel Dominguez, Jose Mariano Michelena, and Nicolas Bravo.
The Executive had a tough job. They needed to keep the greedy hands of the Europeans at bay, while somehow aligning their beliefs in a way that would benefit the nation, and foster greater trust from the people. Nicolas Bravo was a conservative and a career soldier, but had supported Iturbide in his vision for Mexico. That is, right up until he had declared himself Emperor. Then Bravo took up arms against Iturbide, and assisted rebel General Santa Anna in his quest to remove Iturbide.
Guadalupe Victoria was liberal and a soldier, but he shaped his career towards politics and actually proved to be a talented deal maker. He was well respected by the Executive, both for his bravery during the Mexican War of Independence and his penchant for diplomacy. It is thought by many that Pedro Celestino Negrete, a friend of Iturbide, pressured him to abdicate the Mexican crown.
The Supreme Executive Power knew they had a potential looming disaster in the future. Who would permanently rule the newly independent Mexico was the issue they were sworn to hammer out. The First Republic of Mexico was created in 1824, perhaps against the odds, as every member of the Executive had their own agenda. Stay tuned for the next part in this series to find out who the first President of Mexico turned out to be. Was it Iturbide with his tail between his legs? The rebel General Santa Anna perhaps? Perhaps a member of the Executive was the person?
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