The DRABC is an acronym, which stands for Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing and Circulation. Essentially it provides a step-by-step guide on how to initially approach a casualty. It's mainly used as a way of establishing if a casualty is breathing or not, and in between a couple of bonus features are implemented. When used properly it can help maintain a sense of calm at the scene of an accident, and ultimately will help save lives.
The first step is always to consider dangers at the scene. This comes in two forms; dangers to yourself and dangers to the casualty. Sometimes it is hard to consider yourself, but this should always take priority. It is of no use to the situation if you become a casualty, which would result in double the amount of paramedics. Never underestimate any dangers that still could be around the casualty. Examples of this would be a crush object or live electrical cables.
Next up is to try and establish a response from the casualty. The correct protocol is to gently tap them on the shoulders, and then talk to them in a way that they would understand. Tapping them on the head or neck should be avoided, because at this stage we would not know the extent of any injuries. It's also a good idea to always approach them from the leg side. Standing over someone's head is very disturbing for the person involved, and they could stretch their neck through anxiety.
A response is a sign they are breathing, which would cut short the DRABC at this stage. However if they fail to respond it is a sign they are unconscious. In these situations the airway can easily become compromised, which requires prompt action from the first aider. The airway can be opened by using the head tilt, chin lift manoeuvre. Simply place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the chin. Gently tilt the head back, and use the two fingers to lift the chin up. This has the effect of clearing the tongue from the back of the throat. An extra trick is to check that nothing is obstructing the mouth shortly before you do this. If there is an object it should always be removed.
The next stage is arguably the most important as we now check to see if the casualty is breathing. The three senses of look, listen & feel are combined together to establish if the person is breathing normally. The correct protocol is to rest your cheek close to the casualty's mouth. You will feel gentle breaths against the cheek if they are breathing. At the same time it is possible to stare at the chest, looking in the direction of the legs. You will see the chest rise slowly if they are breathing. Finally the breathing process creates a subtle sound, and you would be able to hear it in some conditions. It's important to check this three point process for a full ten seconds by counting it out in your mind.
The full CPR protocol needs to be carried out in the event that the casualty is not breathing. You will give the casualty the best chances of survival if you can promptly complete the above stages of the process. Never panic as at this point anything you do can only be of further help to the casualty.
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Bill Casserley is an experienced first aid trainer, who regularly volunteers at major events. Could you carry out a DRABC? If not then visit the first aid at work training blog @ http://www.train-aid.co.uk for free life saving tips.
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