La Malinche, who lived in the early part of the 16th century, is often considered to be the "mother of the first Mexican." This controversial figure played a major role in the Spanish conquest of Mexico. She was also a slave, mistress and interpreter of Hernán Cortés. Her image to this day is a mythical archetype that is frequently represented not only in folklore, but also in art and literature.
While she was known by a variety of different names including "Doña Marina" and "Malintze," the Aztecs gave her the title La Malinche because it means the "captain's woman," as she was Cortés' mistress. Since the Mexicans saw her as part of Cortés' entourage, they started to believe she was a traitor who helped to destroy the Aztec empire.
La Malinche is a very polemic figure, as some Mexicans view her to this day as the founder of the nation. However, other people believe that she is a traitor who betrayed her own people by assisting Cortés to conquer the region. There are historians who believe that she actually saved her people from the Aztecs. La Malinche was from a wealthy and noble Mayan family. Her mother gave her away to a group of traders, and she ended up being the slave of a military chief. As a result of her background, she knew Mayan languages, but she also understood the language of the Aztecs as well. She was given to Cortés along with 19 other slave women by the Cacique (chief) of Tabasco.
Cortés found that he had trouble communicating with the Indians. He had previously relied on a Spanish priest, Jeronimo de Aguilar, who spoke Spanish and some of the Mayan languages. Cortés found out that Dona Mariña spoke the Mexican language and she began to act as an interpreter. She could translate Aztec words into a Mayan language that the Spanish priest Aguilar could understand, and then Aguilar could explain things to Cortés in Spanish.
She was loyal to Cortés, and he eventually decided to be loyal to her and began refusing other women. She also learned Spanish. After the fall of Tenochtitlán in late 1521, she lived in a house that Cortés had built for her and there she gave birth to his son.
La Malinche has also been a character in a variety of novels including Feathered Serpent: A Novel of the Mexican Conquest and the Golden Princess. It is interesting to note that in these literary portrayals, sometimes La Malinche is cast as a traitor and other times she is cast as a protector of Mexicans.
The truth is that La Malinche saved the lives of many Indians. As she was the right hand of Cortés when he conquered Mexico, she encouraged him to negotiate rather than harm on many occasions. Her support of open communication enabled the Spaniards to introduce Catholicism and she advocated people's conversion to that faith, which appeased the Spanish conquerors. Her presence shaped the development of bilateral relations and she helped keep interaction with the Aztecs somewhat friendly. There is no doubt that La Malinche played a vital historical role, and was far more than just a reliable interpreter for the conquistadors.
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